There are studies introducing general programming languages into the context of smart contracts. Prof Fausto Spoto from Univr ( Italy ) and Takamaka Team, proposes the framework Takamaka that implements Java as the programming language. In Takamaka, Java programmers can easily develop smartContract with familiar tools. #takamaka specially designs a Storage class for smart contracts and a gas-computing mechanism related to Ethereum. To avoid malicious programs or abused functions in #java , it also maintains a whitelist of permitted functions for #smartcontracts . The framework also allows clients to use Java Virtual Machine ( #jvm ) to run smart contract #bytecode , taking advantage of JVM’s excellent bytecode execution rate and garbage collection mechanism. https://fc19.ifca.ai/wtsc/SlidesJavaFramework.pdf?fbclid=IwAR1Mijto-rZb2s-NkUDfPyc2VoNl-AO7zbHYpqdPUxSYP4jaBWqbxUAc-Xc